Step 1: Select One Topic Choose one of the following healthcare access problems: Lack of health insurance Rural hospital closures Unequal access to mental health service

Step 1: Select One Topic

Choose one of the following healthcare access problems:

• Lack of health insurance
• Rural hospital closures
• Unequal access to mental health services
• Emergency department overuse for nonemergency care
• OR another access issue approved by the professor

Step 2: Paper Structure & Required Sections

1. Introduction (1  pages)
   • Introduce the healthcare access issue and its importance.
   • Identify the population(s) most affected.
   • State your thesis—that is, what sociological explanation you will argue.
2. Background & Scope of the Problem (1  pages)
   • Describe the issue using recent data (incidence, prevalence, trends).
   • Discuss who is affected (race, class, gender, geography, age).
   • Use at least one statistic from a reputable source (CDC, HRSA, CMS, AHRQ, peer-reviewed literature).
   • Integrate relevant sections from Barkan (2023) on healthcare structure, inequality, or access.
3. Sociological Frameworks & Concepts (2 pages)

Apply at least four sociological frameworks from the course.

Options include the following:

• Structural inequality
• Social stratification
• Conflict theory
• Symbolic interactionism
• Social determinants of health
• Medicalization
• Fundamental cause theory
• Structural functionalism

Explain the following:

• Why the problem exists sociologically
• How structures, institutions, and power maintain the inequality
• How Barkan frames inequality in the U.S. healthcare system

Analyze factors that shape access barriers, such as the following:

• Economic factors
• Race and ethnicity
• Geography (e.g., the rural–urban divide)
• Insurance design
• Provider shortages
• Social stigma (especially for mental health)
• Political and institutional factors

This section should link the problem to broader patterns of inequality in American society.

5. Policy Analysis & Policy Solutions (1 pages)

Required Section

You must analyze at least two existing policies and propose one evidence-based recommendation.

A.              Current Policy Landscape

Describe relevant current policies (federal, state, or organizational)—for example:

• Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions
• Medicaid expansion
• HRSA rural hospital programs
• Mental health parity laws
• EMTALA
• Telehealth expansion policies

Discuss the following:

• What each policy was designed to do
• Who benefits and who is left out
• Where policy gaps remain

B.              Proposed Policy Recommendation

• Present one realistic, research-supported policy solution.
• Use evidence from research to justify why it would reduce inequality.
• Connect the recommendation to sociological concepts (e.g., addressing structural barriers).

Summarize the following:

• The sociological explanation of the issue
• Key findings
• Why addressing the issue matters for reducing health inequality in the U.S.

No new information should be added here.

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